Revision Guide Unit free essay sample

Concert promoters, club promoters, festival promoters 2. Broadcasting (showing the music to the audience) rev, radio, internet 3. Marketing and distribution (selling the music to the audience) Online (e. G. Tunes), high street stores (e. G. HEM, supermarkets), social media (e. G. Backbone, Twitter etc) z) You need to know: a. What do each of them do b. Why is it done When is it done (in terms of the music being released to the public) d. How they are linked 2. How each one is a crucial part in the process 3.Service companies and agencies (companies which provide services to artists, ensues and production companies) a) Agencies: . Royalty collection agencies (collect the money for the artist and making sure there is copyright) PROS for Music (formerly the Performing Rights Society or PROS) AMPS formerly the Mechanical Copyright Protection Society) PL Licensing the importance of keeping to legal requirements for licensing the music 2. Artists Representation or A (protecting the artist) Management (the artists manager) Public relations (PR) Agents (different to the manager) Stylists b) Service Companies: 1 . We will write a custom essay sample on Revision Guide Unit or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Hire companies (companies which hire out equipment or spaces to the artist) Sound and lighting hire companies Rehearsal and studio spaces . Transport companies (companies which provide transport for equipment and material for touring) a. What each of them do b. What equipment is needed What is available from the different service companies and agencies d. How they support the music industry e. Why they are important f. The pros and cons for musicians working with agencies music industry) a) The Unions: 1 . The Musicians Union (MO) union for musicians, composers, instrumental teachers 2.Equity union for actors, dancers and other performers 3. Broadcast Entertainment Cinematographer Theatre Union (BECKET) union for those working in production and/ r technical roles b) How unions support those in the music industry: monitoring employment conditions and contracts between employees and employers advice for freelancers on tax and National Insurance (N) support in relation to negotiation of minimum rates of pay and working conditions handling of disputes other services networking opportunities, information about insurance and pensions, information and updates about changes to relevant legislation. . What a union does b. The issues that unions resolve and support c. Who is involved and what their responsibilities are d. Why and when are unions needed . How organizations interrelate (link together) and why these relationships are important a) Relationships within the music industry: 1 . How promoters match acts to venue location and type of venue size and scale of performance area facilities (of the venue) technical equipment/support available audience capacity type and intention of performance timing and availability financial considerations (money) 2.The importance of effective communication between those working in the industry 3. How promoters and musicians evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of hiring and buying equipment 4. How promoters and musicians find and select suppliers and installers of equipment 5. How trade bodies such as the Music Producers Guild (MPEG), the Association of Professional Recording Services (APRS), PROS for Music and PLANS support their members and their industries 6. How promoters and musicians find and select transport companies for touring 7. How promoters secure funding for and market events. . The wider range of personnel within the music industry in terms of: who they are Nat their area of interest is why their organizations exist En they might be needed by others working in the music industry b. The links teens organization and the support each organization can help provide PART B Learning aim B: Understand the JOB ROLES in the music industry KOOK NEED TO KNOW the different types of JOB ROLES from DIFFERENT AREAS of the musts industry (listed below) and the RESPONSIBILITIES OF EACH ROLE: KOOK NEED TO KNOW FOR EACH ROLE: a.Who is responsible for what activity b. Why and how are things done What are the advantages and disadvantages of relying on these individuals for their individual services, in relation to the key stages of the timeline for producing the music 1 . Performance and creative roles (the people who make the music happen) ) Performance roles: 1. Musician instrumentalist, vocalist, accompanist, DC auditioning, attending rehearsals (including technical and dr ess rehearsals), taking part in performances and workshops, marketing and promoting own work 2. Imposer/songwriter/producer rutting music, arranging, orchestrating, creative input responding to briefs, pitching ideas to clients, producing scores and parts, marketing and promoting own work, composing too brief, producing producing, sequencing music, using technology to realize music, creative and artistic direction 3. Musical director conducting, arranging and leading rehearsals ring musicians, liaison within projects, problem solving b) Creative roles: 1. Vive sound technician stage planning, rigging, De-rigging, supervision of crew sound checking, ensuring mike and lines work correctly, adjusting levels, on stage assisting with get-in, rigging, De-rigging, get-out specialist instrumental support, logistics, driving 3. Instrumental support guitar tech, drum tech z) You need to know a. The skills and responsibilities of each performer or creative role (who does what and why is it important) b. The links between performers and creative roles How the music industry is built upon these relationships .Management and promotion roles a) Management roles (looking after the artist or venue): 1 . Artistic management (the artists manager) personal and financial management advice and guidance liaising with recording companies arranging tours fee negotiation 2. Venue management (the venue manager) booking events licensing management of staff management of publicity for events organizing events security health and safety of artists audience and staff 3. Studio management booking sessions managing the maintenance of equipment and facilities b) Promotion roles (promoting the music to the audience): 1 . Remoter identifying performance opportunities ensues and artists securing finance for events manages financial risk insurance and safety 2. Marketing (making the music available to the audience) managing marketing materials and strategies 3. AR (Artists and Repertoire) scouting for talent online and at live events. A. The skills and responsibilities of management and promotion roles (who does what and why its important) b. The links between management and promotional roles How the industry relies on these roles 3.Recording and production roles a) The roles: 1 . Recording studio personnel (work at the recording studio) engineer, assistant engineer, technical manager, tech support maintenance and repair, electronics engineer, installation 2. Producer (produces the music) artistic overview, creative manager, liaising between creative partners, financial control, sample clearance 3. Session musician (musician who isnt part of the band) performing given music, performing collaboratively, in an ensemble or as a soloist, provides own equipment 4. Catering (mixing the music) mastering engineer, producing the finished mix to comply with all technical requirements, optimizes audio performance and ensuring quality CD manufacturer, reducing multiple copies of provided master CDC on demand, Jewel cases, slip cases, artwork, screen printing, packaging, delivery to distributor digital delivery through services such as Tunes. B) You need to know a. The skills and responsibilities of recording and production roles (who does what and why its important) b. The links between recording and production roles how the industry relies on these roles 4.Media and other roles 1. Music Journalist/flogger rutting copy for publication in print or web, articles, reviews, biographies, research, pop-De (an article by a guest writer not employed by the newspaper or magazine) 2. Roadster (TV and radio) selecting music for broadcast, programming, demographic targeting, research, rutting, editing 3. Software programmer/app developer rutting and/or coding software products such as APS, programs, packages, files, bedposts writing music packages for distribution online 4. Detail and distribution selling products in shops, stores and online using retail techniques and skills moving CDC from warehouse to retail outlets, logistics, selling via mail order and through online stores. A. The skills and responsibilities of media roles and the wider world of employment opportunities (who does what and why its important) b. He links between these roles PART C Nihilist the information below doesnt give you information about specific organizations (Part A) or Job roles within the music industry (Part B), this is important Information that youll need to know for the exam.It will help you explain why specific organizations and roles are important and how they link together for the longer, higher mark questions. 1 . How and why workers are employed in the music industry Employment patterns: full-time/part-time/freelance contracts (short, long-term) when employing performance, production and front of house staff permanent and casual staff for pacific projects or per formances self-employed, entrepreneurial loungers 2. Getting a break and starting out How to get into the music industry: research into individual stories; case studies, interviews, biography and autobiography can help inform others about breaking into the industry volunteering at festivals, shows and clubs how and why (and if) a product should be given away for free, such as free downloads, free tickets, back-stage passes, guest-lists, promotional CDC where to find out about auditions, adverts, word-of-mouth, personal recommendations, making antics, networking, hustling buying onto a tour; how much and for what audience and with what goal. . Importance of individual roles and responsibilities a) Within the production process: specific roles and responsibilities before, during and after gigs, sessions or recordings undertaking of duties and impact on the production process of decisions made. B) Within the performance process: ensuring each part of the process is ready, with equipment, music, scores, demos, chord sheets, running orders, artwork, tickets, contracts, contact information, phone numbers how and where to get help and support ho is accountable and why how and why tasks/responsibilities should be priorities. . How individual roles and responsibilities link together (interrelate) Effective communication between individual roles: roles within the same area of an organization, within the same organization, from different organizations how and why specific roles are interdependent why these relationships are important: a) dangers of miscommunication, planning and scheduling problems, minimizing down time, maximizing use of resources b) speed of change, responding to market pressures, responding to marketing opportunities.

Free Essays on Matchpaper

Matches: Made by an Illegal Alien Getting Paid a Dollar an Hour to Support His Family of 6 To a non-earth inhabitant, one might thinks it was a simple noisemaker. But upon closer inspection you would find that the puzzle like box opens and contains a very flammable material. The red coloration of the box might bring them to this conclusion or they may discover you can strike these sticks on the side and they combust. However I know it’s a box of matches, I know how the box opens and I know how to light them. The irony of the box is we humans store our flammable materials in flammable materials. Any Alien might think that funny, however and illegal alien probably wouldn’t care. All he cares about is making these match boxes so he can get his pay check and take care of his family. He might think its funny that the box says made in America, when in fact he knows the cardboard that they use to make the box is actually from China, the ink from Indonesia, and the matches from Mexico. It would make more sense to him if the box was in Spanish and read assemb led in America, or said globally produced. I would also like to point out the fact that the company that makes these boxes, Diamond Brands Incorporated clearly wasn’t thinking when they made the match striking design on the side. Diamond used a hexagon pattern when it would have made a little more sense for them to use a â€Å"Diamond† pattern. Are Americans really so stupid that they actually have to print, KEEP AWAY FROM CHILDREN, or is Diamond Brand Incorporated so worried that they will get sued if some small child gets a hold of these and sets his parents house on fire. If I was an outsider and had observed just how much Americans in particular love to sue any one or any company just because they were to stupid to put the matched in the cabinet where their kid couldn’t reach them, then I’d be pretty surprised. Well, what about 32 count printed on the front o... Free Essays on Matchpaper Free Essays on Matchpaper Matches: Made by an Illegal Alien Getting Paid a Dollar an Hour to Support His Family of 6 To a non-earth inhabitant, one might thinks it was a simple noisemaker. But upon closer inspection you would find that the puzzle like box opens and contains a very flammable material. The red coloration of the box might bring them to this conclusion or they may discover you can strike these sticks on the side and they combust. However I know it’s a box of matches, I know how the box opens and I know how to light them. The irony of the box is we humans store our flammable materials in flammable materials. Any Alien might think that funny, however and illegal alien probably wouldn’t care. All he cares about is making these match boxes so he can get his pay check and take care of his family. He might think its funny that the box says made in America, when in fact he knows the cardboard that they use to make the box is actually from China, the ink from Indonesia, and the matches from Mexico. It would make more sense to him if the box was in Spanish and read assemb led in America, or said globally produced. I would also like to point out the fact that the company that makes these boxes, Diamond Brands Incorporated clearly wasn’t thinking when they made the match striking design on the side. Diamond used a hexagon pattern when it would have made a little more sense for them to use a â€Å"Diamond† pattern. Are Americans really so stupid that they actually have to print, KEEP AWAY FROM CHILDREN, or is Diamond Brand Incorporated so worried that they will get sued if some small child gets a hold of these and sets his parents house on fire. If I was an outsider and had observed just how much Americans in particular love to sue any one or any company just because they were to stupid to put the matched in the cabinet where their kid couldn’t reach them, then I’d be pretty surprised. Well, what about 32 count printed on the front o...

5 Peculiarities of the German Language

5 Peculiarities of the German Language You may have heard that German is a difficult and complex language to learn. This is true to some extent; however, much depends on the way the language is taught, the learner’s natural capacity for languages, and the amount of practice dedicated to it. The following peculiarities of the German language should not discourage you from studying German, but simply prepare you for what you will encounter. Remember, German is a very logically structured language, with many fewer exceptions than English. The key to your success in learning German will truly be as this old German adage states: ÃÅ"bung macht den Meister! (or, Practice makes perfect) The Difference Between a German Sausage and a Verb Why are we comparing a sausage to a verb? Simply because German verbs can be chopped and cut up just as  a German sausage can! In German, you can take a verb, chop off the first part, and place it at the end of a sentence. And in actuality, you can even do more to a German verb than what you can do with a sausage: you can insert another â€Å"part† (a.k.a. syllable) in the middle of a verb, add other verbs alongside it and even elongate it. How’s that for flexibility? Of course, there are some rules to this chopping business, which once you understand them, will be easy to apply. German Nouns Every German student loves this particular German-language peculiarity - all nouns are capitalized! This serves as a visual aid for reading comprehension and as a consistent rule in spelling. Further, German pronunciation pretty much follows the way it is written (though you need to know the peculiarities of the German alphabet first, see above), which makes German spelling not very difficult. Now to put a damper to all of this good news: Not all German nouns are inherently nouns and may, therefore, throw off the German writer at first as to whether to capitalize a word or not. For instance, verb infinitives can change into a noun and German adjectives can change into nouns. This role changing of words happens in the English language as well, for example when verbs change into gerunds. German Gender Most would agree, that this is the greatest hurdle of German grammar. Every noun in German is identified by grammatical gender. The der article is placed before masculine nouns, die before feminine nouns and das before neuter nouns. It would be nice if that was all there was to it, but German articles change, along with the endings of German adjectives, adverbs and nouns depending on the grammatical case they are in. For example, let’s take a look at the following sentence: Der Junge gibt der wà ¼tenden Mutter den Ball des Mdchens.(The boy gives to the angry mother the girl’s ball.) In this sentence, der wà ¼tenden Mutter acts as the indirect object, so it is dative; den Ball acts as the direct object, so it is accusative and des Mdchens is in the possessive genitive case. The nominative forms of these words were: die wà ¼tende Mutter; der Ball; das Mdchen. Almost every word was changed in this sentence. One very important point about German grammar gender is that nouns don’t necessarily follow the natural law of gender as we know it. For example, though die Frau (woman) and der Mann (man) are designated feminine and masculine respectively, das Mdchen (girl) is neuter. Mark Twain in his humorous account of â€Å"The Awful German Language† described this German grammar peculiarity in this way: Every noun has a gender, and there is no sense or system in the distribution; so the gender of each must be learned separately and by heart. There is no other way. To do this one has to have a memory like a memorandum-book. In German, a young lady has no sex, while a turnip has. Think what overwrought reverence that shows for the turnip, and what callous disrespect for the girl. See how it looks in print - I translate this from a conversation in one of the best of the German Sunday-school books:Gretchen: Wilhelm, where is the turnip?Wilhelm: She has gone to the kitchen.Gretchen: Where is the accomplished and beautiful English maiden?Wilhelm: It has gone to the opera. However, Mark Twain was wrong when he said that a student has to have â€Å"a memory like a memorandum-book.† There are some strategies that can help a German student figure out which gender a noun has. German Cases In German there are four cases: Der Nominativ (nominative)Der Genitiv/Wesfall (genitive)Der Akkusativ/Wenfall (accusative)Der Dativ/Wemfall (dative) Though all cases are important, the accusative and dative cases are the most widely used and should be learned first. There is a grammatical trend especially orally to use the genitive case less and less and replace it with the dative in certain contexts. Articles and other words are declined in various ways, depending on gender and grammatical case. The German Alphabet The German alphabet has a few differences from the English language. The very first (and perhaps most important) thing you need to know about the German alphabet is that there are more than twenty-six letters in the German alphabet.

Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Assignment Example In other words, patents give these inventors the right to keep a monopoly for twenty years. Monopolies are so important in this context because if they did not exist, an inventor would probably not receive any financial compensation for his or her work, since the imitators would steal it and flood the market with copied stuff, making the price collapse along with them. As a result, in a world without patents, a lot less people would invest their time, effort and money required to achieve new things. In order to remedy this situation, the nations all around the world offer inventors monopolies on patents. The result is much quicker innovation; an economic growth much more accelerated and at quicker speeds in the lifestyles. In truth, it is difficult to think about a more beneficial monopoly from the social view of patents (http://www.beginnermoneyinvesting.com/html/examples_of_good_monopolies_.htm). 2. USPS The maintenance of the USPS monopoly is good because provision of uniform subs idized mail service (particularly to remote areas) produces positive externalities that would be underproduced by a competitive market; and ii) provision of conventional mail services lends itself to "natural monopolies" in smaller markets. The USPS does not operate its enterprise in order to maximize profits, as would a conventional monopolist.

The State Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The State - Essay Example There are various characteristics of a State that distinguish it from other forms of political organizations that are discussed below (Flint and Taylor 31). The first characteristic is that a State must possess defined land territory that are known and recognized in all aspects. This means that it must inhabit a certain part of the earth’s known surface and the boarders are recognizable. The boarders or limits though recognized they can be indefinite, unclear or disputed. The State territory varies with each country as it is with the population that inhibits within these boarders (Flint and Taylor 31). A State is also recognized when there is an enduring resident population regardless of their size. A place that does not have people who reside there regardless of how large it is cannot be defined as a State. When a place is only crisscrossed by migrants or occupied occasionally by researchers or hunters cannot be quantified as a State. From this analysis, a State denotes a hum an establishment that is generated by people to fulfill and serve parts of their specific needs. The people who make up a State do not have to be necessarily homogenous or sharing norms, customs, same language or an ethnic experience. For instance, people living in the United States are made up of varied cultural background and customs but they form a State (Flint and Taylor 31). In addition, another characteristic of a state is the essence of a government, which is an administrative system which accomplishes the functions desired by the population and governs various institutions. A State cannot exist if there is no political organization and it is important in making and imposing public policies. A government is necessary in a State to ensure that people are safe, free from fear, violence, and dangerous encounters with other countries (Flint and Taylor 31). Organized economy is a characteristic of a State which denotes the way people are able to trade with one another. A State has the duty to perform various economic activities regardless of how small or large. This economic system ensures directive of money and supervision of foreign trade even in a situation where activities are organized badly. In addition, a State needs a circulation system which ensures that goods, people, and services are transferred from one location of the territory to the other. This circulation is inclusive of all types of transportation and communication while modern States have sophisticated equipment (Flint and Taylor 31). The other two characteristics are not geographic but within the concept of political science as well as international law and they are sovereignty and recognition. A State must be sovereign which means it holds the highest and complete power within its own boarders and therefore, can make its own foreign and local policies. In essence, it is not inferior or accountable whichever other parts of authority or power. When a State is sovereign it can decide its for m of governance, structure an economic system, and direct its foreign programs. For instance, the states within the State of the United States cannot be sovereign since each one of them is accountable to the Constitution of the country (Flint and Taylor 32). Recognition is an important part of a State since it ensures that it is acknowledged as an international personality or as part of the international community. This means it is nominated into the

A Successful Coach and Motivator Essay -- GCSE Business Management Ess

A Successful Coach and Motivator INTRODUCTION   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This paper will focus on what it takes to be a successful coach and motivator in the 21st century and the general characteristics of the coaching process for the future leaders of corporate america. We will also discuss various ways to improved performance through commitment and discuss why some coaching techniques fail to produce the desired results.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  All coaching is a one-to-one conversation that is, in some way, focused on performance and commitment. However, all coaching is not successful. â€Å"According to Dennis Kinlaw successful coaching is mutual, communicates respect, problem-focused and change-oriented'; (p. 25). BACKGROUND The first phase in becoming a successful coach and motivator is a successful coaching conversation, managers should involve subordinates fully in the communications process. Successful coaching is not a didactic process – one in which the manager instructs and the employee listens. It should be a process of mutual exploration and discovery. Coaching is a process designed to make the most of what both members know. The manager’s main tasking is to ensure that both sets of information are used.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the second phase respect is what employees experience because of what the manager does. Respect results when managers encourage employees to give opinions and feedback during meetings, provide data and to offer objections to what the manager has said. It is easy for managers to become confused about the subject of respect for employees, especially for problem employees. â€Å"Kinlaw states that many leaders exemplify a common attitude that respect is something that people must earn, a treatment that employees deserve or do not deserve'; (p. 27). In truth, communicating respect for the employees as an individual or group is an essential aspect of coaching conversations if they are to improve performance and develop commitment to the organization. Supervisors leading a group must never lose sight of the fact that their job is to manage performance of the group and to ensure commitment to superior performance. It does not serve supervisors purpose to foster resen tment, or to block the development of others.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the third phase, problem focus, â€Å"Pool states a problem is not necessarily something negative, it is only the difference between what is and what is desire... ... Happy.'; Nations Business Journal, Vol. 84, No. 12, Dec 1996, p. 10. McNerney, Donald J. â€Å"Employee Motivation: Creating a Motivated Workforce.'; HR Focus, Vol. 73, No. 8, Aug 1996, p. 1. Merina, Ann. â€Å"Coaching Each Other.'; NEA Today, Vol. 10, No. 4, Nov 1993, p. 3 Olalla, Julio and Rafael Echeverris. â€Å"Management by Coaching.'; HR Focus, Vol. 73, No. 1, Jan 1996, p. 16. Pascale, Richard and Linda Gioja. â€Å"Changing the Way we Change.'; Harvard Business Review, Vol. 75, No. 6, Nov-Dec 1997, p. 126. Pool, Steven W. â€Å"The Relationship of Job Satisfaction with Substitutes of Leadership, Leadership Behavior, and Work Motivation.'; The Journal of Psychology, Vol. 131, No. 3, May 1997, p. 271. Rodgers, Buck. (1987). Getting the Best Out of Yourself and Others: Harper and Row Publishers. Saunier, Anne and Mary Maris. â€Å"Fixing a Broken System: Performance Management Systems.'; HR Focus, Vol. 75, No. 13, Mar 1998, p. 1. Schwarz, Roger M. â€Å"The Skilled Facilitator: Practical Wisdom for Developing Effective Groups.'; Jossey-Bass Publishers. Thomas, David L. â€Å"Encouragement: The Key to Effective Management.'; Trusts and Estates Review, Vol. 134, No. 10, Oct 1995, p. 12. A Successful Coach and Motivator Essay -- GCSE Business Management Ess A Successful Coach and Motivator INTRODUCTION   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This paper will focus on what it takes to be a successful coach and motivator in the 21st century and the general characteristics of the coaching process for the future leaders of corporate america. We will also discuss various ways to improved performance through commitment and discuss why some coaching techniques fail to produce the desired results.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  All coaching is a one-to-one conversation that is, in some way, focused on performance and commitment. However, all coaching is not successful. â€Å"According to Dennis Kinlaw successful coaching is mutual, communicates respect, problem-focused and change-oriented'; (p. 25). BACKGROUND The first phase in becoming a successful coach and motivator is a successful coaching conversation, managers should involve subordinates fully in the communications process. Successful coaching is not a didactic process – one in which the manager instructs and the employee listens. It should be a process of mutual exploration and discovery. Coaching is a process designed to make the most of what both members know. The manager’s main tasking is to ensure that both sets of information are used.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the second phase respect is what employees experience because of what the manager does. Respect results when managers encourage employees to give opinions and feedback during meetings, provide data and to offer objections to what the manager has said. It is easy for managers to become confused about the subject of respect for employees, especially for problem employees. â€Å"Kinlaw states that many leaders exemplify a common attitude that respect is something that people must earn, a treatment that employees deserve or do not deserve'; (p. 27). In truth, communicating respect for the employees as an individual or group is an essential aspect of coaching conversations if they are to improve performance and develop commitment to the organization. Supervisors leading a group must never lose sight of the fact that their job is to manage performance of the group and to ensure commitment to superior performance. It does not serve supervisors purpose to foster resen tment, or to block the development of others.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the third phase, problem focus, â€Å"Pool states a problem is not necessarily something negative, it is only the difference between what is and what is desire... ... Happy.'; Nations Business Journal, Vol. 84, No. 12, Dec 1996, p. 10. McNerney, Donald J. â€Å"Employee Motivation: Creating a Motivated Workforce.'; HR Focus, Vol. 73, No. 8, Aug 1996, p. 1. Merina, Ann. â€Å"Coaching Each Other.'; NEA Today, Vol. 10, No. 4, Nov 1993, p. 3 Olalla, Julio and Rafael Echeverris. â€Å"Management by Coaching.'; HR Focus, Vol. 73, No. 1, Jan 1996, p. 16. Pascale, Richard and Linda Gioja. â€Å"Changing the Way we Change.'; Harvard Business Review, Vol. 75, No. 6, Nov-Dec 1997, p. 126. Pool, Steven W. â€Å"The Relationship of Job Satisfaction with Substitutes of Leadership, Leadership Behavior, and Work Motivation.'; The Journal of Psychology, Vol. 131, No. 3, May 1997, p. 271. Rodgers, Buck. (1987). Getting the Best Out of Yourself and Others: Harper and Row Publishers. Saunier, Anne and Mary Maris. â€Å"Fixing a Broken System: Performance Management Systems.'; HR Focus, Vol. 75, No. 13, Mar 1998, p. 1. Schwarz, Roger M. â€Å"The Skilled Facilitator: Practical Wisdom for Developing Effective Groups.'; Jossey-Bass Publishers. Thomas, David L. â€Å"Encouragement: The Key to Effective Management.'; Trusts and Estates Review, Vol. 134, No. 10, Oct 1995, p. 12.

History of Television Essay

Television Broadcasting Malaysian television broadcasting was introduced on 28 December 1963. Color television was introduced on 28 December 1978. Full-time color transmissions of grand launched until officially inaugurated on New Year’s Day 1982. There are currently 8 national free-to-air terrestrial television stations in Malaysia and 2 national pay subscription television stations in Malaysia. Out of eight television channels, four of them are available in Sabah and Sarawak, and the other four are available only in Peninsular Malaysia.Transmissions in Malaysia were black-and-white until 28 December 1978. First stereo audio broadcasting was introduced in 1985 by TV3.Five out of eight channels does not have 24-hour schedule. 24-hour television was introduced in Malaysia between 13 to 16 May 1989 on TV1. The first 24-hour broadcasting in Malaysia was introduced in 2007 by TV2. Local Programming RTM had local programmings in each state until 1984, and those local stations had been replaced by relay of RTM1. RTM1 had 1 hour of local programming between 1984 to 1992. Today, RTM broadcasts the same version nationwide except in Sarawak and Sabah, which still have some local programmings. RTM have plans to re-introduce the local channels after digital switchover. The local channels had the name RTM and state name, for example RTM Pinang for Penang. Each channel had its own schedule and broadcasting hours, and some programs relay from RTM1 and RTM2 (usually news programs and government programs). Between 1984 to 1992, the local programmings was around 5:00pm on RTM1. For the new local channels, the broadcasting hours are currently unknown. Today, RTM still broadcasting radio in local, but television in national.